South Africa is a multiethnic society encompassing a wide variety of cultures, languages, and religions. South Africa is a biodiversity hotspot, with a diversity of unique biomes and plant and animal life. It is the southernmost country on the mainland of the Old World, and the most populous country located entirely south of the equator. South Africa is bounded to the south by 2,798 kilometres (1,739 mi) of coastline that stretch along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans to the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia, Botswana, and Zimbabwe and to the east and northeast by Mozambique and Eswatini and it surrounds the enclaved country of Lesotho. The remaining population consists of Africa's largest communities of European ( White South Africans), Asian ( Indian South Africans and Chinese South Africans), and Multiracial ( Coloured South Africans) ancestry. About 80% of South Africans are of indigenous Black African (including Khoisan – though sometimes considered Coloured) ancestry, divided among a variety of ethnic groups speaking different African languages. South Africa has three capital cities, with the executive, judicial and legislative branches of government based in Pretoria, Bloemfontein and Cape Town respectively. With over 60 million people, the country is the world's 23rd-most populous nation and covers an area of 1,221,037 square kilometres (471,445 square miles). South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa ( RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa.
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